In an era where connectivity is the bedrock of progress, Bangladesh finds itself trailing behind its peers in ICT development. Despite major investments over the past 15 years, the latest International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ICT Development Index (IDI) for 2023 paints a sobering picture for the nation. With a score of 61.1 out of 100, our country falls short of neighbouring economies like Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Vietnam, Maldives, and Cambodia, which have scored notably higher.
As a matter of fact, the ICT Development Index (IDI) consists of two primary pillars: Universal Connectivity and Meaningful Connectivity, which evaluate various aspects of ICT development. While the former focuses on internet access for individuals and households, as well as mobile broadband subscriptions, the latter delves deeper into mobile network coverage, data affordability, and fixed broadband access. Bangladesh's performance in these pillars is a mix of encouragement and disappointment, reflecting both strengths and weaknesses.
 While the country fared better in Meaningful Connectivity, scoring 83, its score in Universal Connectivity was notably lower at 39.2. A worrisome scenario comes out when we consider the low internet user base and limited household access. This lays bare a gap in providing internet services to a significant portion of the population, denying them of the benefits of online services such as education, communication, and e-commerce.
The challenges Bangladesh faces in ICT development are multifaceted. Although the country boasts high mobile phone ownership (61.8%), it is hardly enough to bridge the persisting digital gap if these phones are not used for internet access. To put it another way, despite the proliferation of mobile phones, internet penetration remains relatively low, with only 38.9% of individuals and 38.1% of households having internet access.
Even after jumping over the hurdle of accessibility, we hit a snag with digital literacy and awareness. Many citizens, especially in rural areas, are in the dark about the benefits and uses of the internet, leading to a wait-and-see approach towards adopting new technologies. Furthermore, the lack of quality Bengali content online throws up a roadblock for those who are not comfortable navigating the web in English. To make matters worse, the unreliable electricity supply, particularly in rural settings, throws a wrench in internet connectivity and hinders the use of ICT tools, acting as a chokehold on ICT development.
While access to the internet is crucial, its true potential can only be realised when individuals have the necessary skills to exploit it effectively. Initiatives aimed at promoting digital literacy, raising awareness, encouraging the flourishing of Bengali content online, and ensuring uninterrupted power supply are essential to empower citizens to navigate the digital landscape, access information, and participate in the global digital economy.
On the other hand, cybersecurity emerges as a pressing concern in Bangladesh's ICT landscape. As connectivity rises, so do the risks associated with cyber threats and attacks. Frequent cyber-attacks on financial organisations, as well as breaches and exposures of citizens' private data in cyberspace in recent years serve as a case in point. Strengthening cybersecurity infrastructure, building a workforce with relevant expertise, and implementing robust measures to protect data and privacy are paramount to safeguarding Bangladesh's digital ecosystem.
In addition, the socio-economic implications of ICT development cannot be overlooked. Access to digital technology has the potential to fuel economic growth, create employment opportunities, and improve livelihoods. Nonetheless, disparities in access and utilisation can aggravate existing inequalities. Redoubling efforts to ensure inclusive growth and equitable distribution of ICT benefits are vital to mitigate these inequalities.
One critical area that demands close attention is making ICT services a level playing field. Bangladeshis shelling out only 2% of their income on mobile data, voice, and internet suggests high costs compared to their wallets. To bridge this gap, we need to explore innovative pricing models and subsidies that won't break the bank. Furthermore, up skilling the population in ICT literacy is essential to ensure everyone can grasp the full potential of digital technology. This means targeted programs to empower women, rural communities, and marginalised groups who often get left behind in the digital dust.
To hit the gas pedal on ICT development, Bangladesh needs to prioritise ramping up infrastructure, especially in remote areas. This means blanketing hilly, mountainous, and char lands with mobile network coverage via satellite internet and giving existing networks a shot in the arm by upgrading to 3G and 4G. Nevertheless, getting all hands on deck is the key. By nurturing collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society, Bangladesh can create a fertile ground for innovation, entrepreneurship, and technological leaps.
In the end, while our country faces challenges in catching up with its peers in ICT development, the silver lining is that it also presents opportunities for transformative change. Only through adopting an all-encompassing approach that addresses infrastructure, affordability, literacy, cybersecurity, and inclusivity can the country pave the way toward a more connected and prosperous future for all its citizens.
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The writer is an IT professional.
Email: [email protected]