As a scorching heatwave engulfs the nation under the blazing summer sun, the risk of various illnesses, including diarrhea and dysentery, escalates. Among these threats, heatstroke and dehydration pose significant dangers. Safeguarding yourself and your loved ones necessitates adhering to essential precautions during this intense heat.

Understanding Heatstroke

Heatstroke occurs when the body's temperature exceeds the tolerable limit. It can elevate to 106°F or higher within a mere 10 to 15 minutes. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures significantly increases the risk of heatstroke, potentially leading to severe brain, heart, kidney, and muscle damage.

Heatstroke can manifest in two distinct forms:

1. Exertional or Exertion-Induced Heatstroke

This type typically results from excessive physical activity in hot and humid conditions, often escalating rapidly within a few hours.

2. Non-Exertional Heatstroke:

Contrary to exertional heatstroke, this form is not solely induced by physical fatigue. Factors such as age and underlying health conditions play a significant role, with symptoms possibly manifesting days beforehand.

Recognizing Symptoms

Symptoms of heatstroke include dry skin (anhydrosis), impaired movement and coordination (ataxia), dizziness, excessive sweating, flushed skin, fluctuating blood pressure, nausea, diminished urine output, elevated heart rate, convulsions, and fainting. Immediate medical attention is imperative upon observing any of these symptoms.

Causes of Heatstroke

Prolonged exposure to hot environments or direct sunlight, sudden transitions from cold to hot climates, excessive physical exertion in hot weather, inadequate hydration leading to excessive sweating, excessive alcohol consumption, and wearing non-breathable clothing exacerbate the risk of heatstroke.

Initial Treatment

Immediate intervention is vital to mitigate the severe consequences of untreated heatstroke, including organ failure and even mortality. Applying ice to the neck, waist, and armpits, administering salted drinks for hydration, and seeking cooler environments are essential first aid responses. If symptoms persist, medical assistance must be sought immediately.

Preventative Measures

To avert the onset of heatstroke, prioritize the following preventive measures.

• Stay hydrated by consuming ample water.
• Take easily digestible food and avoid taking unhealty and dirty food.
• Opt for cotton, light coloured, loose and breathable clothing.
• Minimize outdoor activities during peak sun exposure.
• Use an umbrella, wear a cap, or cover your head with clothing.
• Have shower or pour water on head
• Refrain from strenuous physical exertion unless unavoidable.

Implementing these small adjustments significantly reduces the risk of heat-related illnesses.

In summary, limit sun exposure, prioritize hydration, and maintain body temperature within safe limits to safeguard against heatstroke. Recommendations from the International Center for Agricultural Research Bangladesh (ICDDR'B) offer valuable insights into identifying high-risk individuals and implementing preventive strategies.